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Explore overview, symptoms, causes, treatment, diagnosis, prevention, and FAQ articles for this condition.
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What is Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, often shortened to COPD, is a long-term disorder of the lungs in which airflow becomes persistently limited because the airways and air sacs are structurally and functionally damaged. The condition involves the bronchial tubes, small airways, alveoli,…
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Symptoms of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What are the symptoms of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? The most common symptoms are shortness of breath, chronic cough, mucus production, wheezing, chest tightness, and reduced exercise tolerance. These symptoms arise because the airways become narrowed and inflamed, mucus accumulates, and…
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Causes of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is caused by long-term injury and inflammation in the airways and air sacs of the lungs, most commonly from inhaled irritants such as tobacco smoke. Over time, these exposures and biological vulnerabilities damage the structure…
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Treatment for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses bronchodilator medications, inhaled corticosteroids in selected cases, oxygen therapy for low blood oxygen levels, pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking cessation, vaccinations, and, in some patients, procedures such as lung volume reduction or transplantation. These…
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Diagnosis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is usually identified through a combination of clinical suspicion and objective lung testing. It is not diagnosed on symptoms alone, because cough, breathlessness, and wheezing can occur in many respiratory and cardiac disorders. Instead, clinicians…
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Prevention of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is not usually considered fully preventable in every person, because some risk factors cannot be changed and some lung injury may begin long before diagnosis. However, the development of COPD is strongly influenced by exposures…
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Symptoms of Bronchiectasis
What are the symptoms of Bronchiectasis? The condition most often causes a chronic cough, repeated production of thick mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest discomfort, and episodes of chest infection. In many people, these symptoms fluctuate, becoming more noticeable during flare-ups…