Structural

What is Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a progressive disorder of the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. In this condition, the cornea gradually becomes thinner and loses its normal dome-like shape, bulging outward into a more cone-shaped contour. Because the cornea provides most…

Diagnosis of Keratoconus

Keratoconus is typically diagnosed by combining clinical examination with specialized corneal testing. The condition causes the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, to become progressively thinner and to bulge into a cone-like shape. Because this change alters how light…

Treatment for Keratoconus

Keratoconus is treated with a combination of optical correction, procedures that strengthen or reshape the cornea, and in advanced cases surgery. The main aims are to improve vision, slow or stop further corneal thinning and distortion, and preserve the eye’s optical…

Prevention of Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a progressive corneal disorder in which the normally dome-shaped cornea becomes thinner and gradually bulges into a cone-like shape. Because this change reflects structural weakening of the corneal tissue, there is no proven way to guarantee complete prevention in…

Causes of Kyphosis

What causes kyphosis? Kyphosis develops when the normal outward curve of the upper spine becomes exaggerated because the vertebrae, discs, ligaments, muscles, or surrounding skeletal structures no longer maintain balanced alignment. In some people this happens as a result of abnormal…

Diagnosis of Kyphosis

Kyphosis is usually identified through a combination of visual assessment, physical examination, and imaging studies that measure the shape of the spine. The condition refers to an excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine, although some degree of kyphotic curve is…

Treatment for Nasal septal perforation

The treatment of nasal septal perforation uses a combination of medical care, mechanical support, and sometimes surgery. The main approaches include moisturizing and protecting the nasal lining, controlling inflammation or infection when present, removing or stopping the cause of tissue injury,…